The Teachings of Christ For Christian Education Free Essays

As I would see it I feel that the scriptural premise of instructive services are four fundamental thoughts that educating ought to be viewed as a light of the world, it ought to bring out old just as new emotions in individuals, be a guide to all humankind, and be followed consistently. There are a lot increasingly scriptural reason for Christian instruction, yet in my eyes I discover these the most significant. In Proverbs 6:23 the Lord states, â€Å"For these orders are a light, this instructing is a light. We will compose a custom article test on The Teachings of Christ For Christian Education or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now † Teaching ought not feel like a weight of the congregation, or of the guardians. Take a gander at showing the expression of Christ as a blessing and show this blessing wholeheartedly. As a Christian one of our obligations of the Lord is to go down His lessons just as His confidence. God has given you a great blessing and it would be no less then corrupt to accumulate it just for yourself. (Note: This was depicted impeccably by Lou Foltz today in church.) An educator has the hard errand of showing the gospel as well as drawing out every one of the understudies singular qualities, with the goal that they may utilize them to serve Christ. Matthew 13:52 says † Therefore every instructor of the laws who has been told about my realm of paradise resembles the proprietor of a home who draws out his storeroom new fortunes just as old.† This is the place creative, dynamic, systematic, and good judgment students become possibly the most important factor. You should take into account each sort of student so everybody gets an opportunity to sparkle and become all God needs them to turn into. At the point when the understudies have at last taken in the Christian social status they should present their lives to Jesus Christ. They can't just talk the discussion; they should likewise walk the walk. Deuteronomy 5:1 gives us a model when Moses gathered all Israel and stated: â€Å"Hear, O Israel, the announcements and laws I proclaim in your hearing today. Learn them and make certain to follow them.† This shows it isn't sufficient to simply gain proficiency with the word; we should follow the word too. Else, we are no happier then where we began. The last premise I have is that you should get the message out of Christ. What great does it do when twenty individuals think about Christ and don't impart this to other people? Nothing. Christianity would stop to exist without instructors preparing new Disciples of Christ. John 13:14-15 states † Now that I, your God and Teacher have washed your feet. I have set you a model that you ought to do as I have accomplished for you.† Jesus shown twelve educates the expression of Christ and it is presently our activity as likely educators to prop this cycle up. These standards I have discussed all together make my scriptural reason for Christian instruction. These thoughts demonstrate fundamental life affirming guidelines as Christian teachers. In the event that I ever encourage Christian training I will give a valiant effort to live by these standards for instructing just as life itself. Step by step instructions to refer to The Teachings of Christ For Christian Education, Papers

Desertification

| What Causes Desertification? - Overgrazing was not as huge of an issue quite a while in the past on the grounds that creatures would move in light of precipitation. Individuals would move with the creatures so it forestalled overgrazing in such territories. Presently, people have a consistent food flexibly so they don't need to move about. Subsequently, individuals use wall to keep their creatures in a single spot which causes overgrazing. (Desertification, 2001) - Farming of Average Land Farming of normal land is causing desertification around the world. Ranchers are clearing normal land, and utilizing it which removes the wealth in the soil.People should let the normal land recharge itself before cultivating. (Desertification, 2005) - Destruction of Plants in Dry Regions Destruction of plants in dry locales is making desertification happen. Individuals are chopping down tress to utilize them as a wellspring of fuel. When every one of these trees are chopped down there is nothing to ensure the dirt. Hence, it goes to tidy and is overwhelmed by the breeze. (Desertification, 2005) - Incorrect Irrigation in Arid Regions Causes a Build Up of Salt in the Soil Incorrect water system is usually utilized in more unfortunate areas.Farmers are utilizing channel water system and other poor procedures due to the absence of water. This sort of water system causes a development of salt in the dirt. (Desertification, 2005) The Effects Of Desertification - Soil turns out to be less usable The dirt can be overwhelmed by wind or washed away downpour. Supplements in the dirt can be expelled by wind or water. Salt can develop in the dirt which makes it harder for plant development. - Vegetation is Lacked or Damaged Loosened soil may cover plants or leave their foundations exposed.Also, when overgrazing happens, plant species might be lost. - Causes Famine Places that have war and destitution are well on the way to have starvation happen. Dry season and poor land the board add to starvation. - Food Loss The dirt isn't appropriate for developing food; thusly the measure of food being made will decay. In the event that the populace is developing, this will cause financial issues and starvation. - People close to Affected Areas Desertification can cause flooding, poor water quality, dust tempests, and contamination. These impacts can hurt individuals living almost an influenced area. The Facts of Desertification and United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 2000)Case Stude: The Sahel Desert In the Sahel Desert, desertification is turning into a colossal issue. Around the 1950’s, individuals subsided into the Sahel district, in zones where there was water. This brought about overgrazing, which is perhaps the best reason for desertification. In the long run, the lasting bushes were obliterated due to touching, and they were supplanted by annuals. At that point, the annuals were touched out which left uncovered soil. A great deal of the topso il was washed away, and every one of that was left were rocks.Silt turned hard when it was hit by downpour. Thusly, plants couldn't develop in light of the fact that there roots couldn't infiltrate this hard layer. Presently this area has gone to abandon and it keeps on extending. (Desertification, The Sahel, 2004) Records show that precipitation in Sahel has diminished and sands have moved around sixty miles south into the territory. Sahel is extending because of absence of vegetation in the zone. (Sahel, 2005) Another explanation desertification is happening in the Sahel locale is on the grounds that individuals are utilizing the cutting and consuming strategy to clear land.This debases the nature of soil simply like overgrazing. (Desertification-a Threat to the Sahel, 2000) Short Term Effects of Desertification in the Sahel: - Soil loses its supplements which makes it not helpful - Overgrazing crushes vegetation and without it disintegration occursâ - Land becomes salty which m akes it hard to develop crops Long Term Effects of Desertification in the Sahel: - People bite the dust of starvation - Cattle kick the bucket of starvation - The dirt turns out to be totally pointless (Prospects and Problems, 2004)|

Bipolar III Disorder or Cyclothymia

Bipolar III Disorder or Cyclothymia January 27, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights JAG IMAGES/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Bipolar III disorder is the unofficial term for  cyclothymia, a mild form of bipolar disorder. Overview Cyclothymia, sometimes called cyclothymic disorder, is a long-term condition where your moods cycle between hypomania and depression, but they are not incapacitating or suicidal.?? Hypomania is  a high that can be mild to fairly severe  but does not include delusions, hallucinations or other psychotic features. Cyclothymia is milder than bipolar I or bipolar II  in that the depressive and hypomanic episodes are not as intense as those found in the other two disorders. In between the highs and lows, you may feel pretty normal. However, its important to get help for cyclothymia since it can significantly impact your everyday functioning and affect your relationships at home and at work.?? Who Gets Cyclothymia/Bipolar III Disorder? Cyclothymia usually starts during the teen years or young adulthood and affects both males and females equally. It may be underdiagnosed because people who have it are sometimes erroneously diagnosed with other mental health conditions like depression or bipolar II disorder.?? Many people with cyclothymia do not seek treatment either because their symptoms are not as debilitating  as those seen in bipolar disorder. Causes As with every other mental health disorder, no one knows what causes cyclothymia.?? Certain factors, including family history, environmental stressors, and brain chemistry seem to play a role in developing cyclothymia. Symptoms Cyclothymia has similar symptoms to the other bipolar disorders, but not quite as extreme. It is characterized by emotional highs and lows that can be  but arent always disruptive to daily functioning. These emotional highs and lows are called hypomanic and depressive episodes.?? Hypomanic Symptoms In cyclothymia, when you are on an emotional high, you are experiencing a hypomanic episode, which is not as extreme as mania. Hypomanic symptoms occur for at least four days and may include:?? Difficulty concentratingFeeling restlessFeeling extremely happy or euphoricNot needing as much sleep as normalIrritability or agitationBecoming more physically active, which may include fidgeting or pacingThinking very highly of yourselfPoor impulse control and/or judgment, which can lead to risky choicesBeing more talkative than normalBecoming distracted easily Depressive Symptoms In cyclothymia, when you are in a low place, you are probably experiencing a depressive episode, which also tends to not be as extreme as those found in bipolar I and bipolar II. These symptoms may include: IsolationNot experiencing pleasure in the things you used to enjoyExcessive cryingChanges in eating habits and/or weightSleeping too much or too littleDifficulty concentratingFeeling guilty, worthless, or hopelessIrritabilityFeeling tired or worn outThoughts of death or suicide Diagnosis If you have symptoms of cyclothymia, you should see your doctor right away. Depending on your doctors experience, she may refer you to a mental health professional for a diagnosis if no physical reasons for your symptoms can be found. Cyclothymia is diagnosed when these factors are present:??Your stable moods, which are the times between mood episodes, last for less than two months.You have had both hypomanic and depressive episodes for at least two years (one year for children and teens), and these highs and lows account for at least half of the time.The symptoms youre having dont meet the diagnostic criteria for another illness, such as depression, bipolar I, or bipolar II disorder.These mood episodes are negatively impacting your life and day-to-day functioning.Your symptoms arent a result of substance abuse or a physical illness. Treatment An effective treatment plan can take time and patience in order to figure out the best combination for you. Treatment may include psychotherapy and/or medications to help keep your symptoms from interfering with your life.?? There arent any medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for cyclothymia, but your doctor may use medications approved for bipolar disorder, like mood stabilizers or antidepressants, to help control your symptoms. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Its Time to Make Drugs Legal for Personal Use Essay

Its Time to Make Drugs Legal for Personal Use Drugs are such a controversy and people have such strong opinions about whether they should be legal or illegal. I don’t have a strong opinion on this topic; I’m easily swayed. For the most part though, I think that they should be legalized because people do it anyways and if they were legal the government could regulate their use and sale more, the government should be receiving the profits of the drug business rather than dealers, marijuana has most of the same effects as cigarettes, and it’s been proven over and over how prohibition doesn’t seem to work. Each year, the government wastes $20 billion dollars on the war against drugs, but it doesn’t seem to do any good (Liberty For†¦show more content†¦The most important thing for me is that people do it anyways; they always have and most likely always will. â€Å"Drug prohibition has not stopped 30 million people from trying cocaine and 60 million people from trying marijuana. Prohibition also has not stopped the number of heroin users from increasing by 150% and the number of cocaine users from increasing by 10,000%. Moreover, prohibition has not kept drugs out of the hands of children: in 1988 54% of high school seniors admitted to having tried illicit drugs; 88% said it was fairly easy or very easy to obtain marijuana: and 54% said the same about cocaine† (Boaz 229). Nobody can deny these facts, and these are even facts from the times where the war on drugs was passing stricter laws. None of the laws seemed to make a difference accept if you get caught with dr ugs, you have a longer sentence. The sentence for marijuana possession usually averages longer than a murder sentence. I really don’t think it’s worse to have marijuana than kill another human being; that doesn’t even begin to make sense to me. I think that, like many other things in history, drugs will someday be legal. I mean coffee, gin, and tobacco all used to be illegal, but now all are in regular use in the United States. The Netherlands, who is the only country I know to legalize marijuana, surprisingly has a lower percentage of 10th graders who have tried marijuana when compared to the United States. Maybe people wouldn’t do itShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1135 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"There’s nothing new about cannabis, of course. It’s been around humankind pretty much forever. In Siberia charred seeds have been found inside burial mounds dating back to 3000 B.C. The Chinese were using cannabis as a medicine thousands of years ago. Marijuana is deeply American too—as American as George Washington, who grew hemp at Mount Vernon. For most of the country’s history, cannabis was legal, commonly found in tinctures and extracts† (Sides). This is how the nationa l geographic articleRead More All Drugs Should be Legal for Personal Use Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesAll Drugs Should be Legal for Personal Use The war on drugs is costing us over 100 billion dollars to fight each year, and we’re only fighting a monster which we are making bigger with each punch. It’s not drugs, but drug laws themselves that have created this monster. Drug use is part of human nature, but the unimaginable wealth involved leads to the corruption of the police, judges, and elected officials. There is no reason to have the government regulating what goes into an individual’sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pageslive in a society that is both free and drug free. 79 years ago, marijuana became prohibited in the United States (PBS). Today, we find the topic of marijuana’s legality in all forms of media and every level of politics. It is now a never ending topic of public debates. The goal is to answer the question that refuses to die: should marijuana be legalized? Marijuana may not be for you, it may make you paranoid or uncomfortable, and no one should be forced to use it; but, legalizing marijuana in the UnitedRead MoreWhy Kids Turn to Drugs1524 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Kids Turn to Drugs There is no simple answer to why a young person might begin using alcohol or other drugs. Many times, it is a combination of several factors, including society, family and peers. They may turn to drugs to escape stress or loneliness or to overcome shyness in social situations. They may want to be seen as grown up or as a risk taker. Or, they may simply be curious. Teens often want to be like their role models as well. So, if their favorite music group, older sibling, parentsRead MoreLegalize Marijuana1495 Words   |  6 PagesI believe that the time has come to end the prohibition of marijuana in the United States of America. If marijuana were a legal substance and taxed like alcohol and tobacco, billions of dollars in revenue would be generated that could be put towards paying down our national debt. Further stimulation of our economy would result from the thousands of jobs that would be created in order to grow, manufacture, process, market and distribute the product. Overcrowd ing in our prisons would be reducedRead MoreDrug Legalization1579 Words   |  7 Pagesto become criminals in order to get their drug, being able to get drugs for which they re sure of the quality. Isn t it a gateway drug to harder substances? The effect of criminalization is to drive people from mild drugs to strong drugs... Crack would never have existed in my opinion if you had not had drug prohibition. It was drug prohibition- why was crack created? Because cocaine was so expensive. [Cocaine was so expensive  because of drug prohibition.] But what about the moralityRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1475 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual states here in the United States and by Federal governments abroad. I’ll start by introducing an example here in the U.S.: Colorado. On November 6, 2012, the citizens of Colorado voted in favor of Amendment 64 which allowed for the personal use and regulation of Marijuana (Ferner, 2014). Through this legislation came the Colorado Revised Statutes which regulates the medical and retail marijuana industry (Colorado Department of Revenue, 2015). These statutes outline everything from howRead MoreLegalization of Drugs Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs has been a very controversial issue in the United States for many years. Drugs being legalized can have both advantages and disadvantages on society. On one hand, certain drugs, such as aspirin has long been used as a common medicine to many people, to cure diseases and help people with their personal problems such as headaches, toothaches, to name a few. Some people even take the drug daily as a therapy to lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes.Read More why kids turn to drugs Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pages Why Kids Turn to Drugs There is no simple answer to why a young person might begin using alcohol or other drugs. Many times, it is a combination of several factors, including society, family and peers. They may turn to drugs to escape stress or loneliness or to overcome shyness in social situations. They may want to be seen as grown up or as a risk taker. Or, they may simply be curious. Teens often want to be like their role models as well. So, if their favorite music group, older sibling, parentsRead MoreProposal of Marijuana Legalization Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is being debated throughout the country. In essence marijuana is evaluated by the effectiveness of the drug. It is defined as the dried flowered clusters and leaves of a hemp plant smoked for the intoxicating effect. Whether it should be legalized or not is the real question. Many could argue that marijuana is destructive physically as well as mentally. â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse says marijuana can cause heart irregularities, lung problems, and addiction† (Welch). â€Å"One joint can

Vietnam Internet Data Center Report - 9450 Words

First Draft Bien Nguyen (nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com; +84 95 888 8910) A MARKET STUDY ON INTERNET DATA CENTER IN VIETNAM Bien N. Nguyen nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com +84 95 888 8910 First Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. Bien Nguyen (nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com; +84 95 888 8910) Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 3 Research Methodology and Report Objectives ................................................................................. 3 2.1 2.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 3 Objectives†¦show more content†¦26 HANEL ........................................................................................................................... 26 TDT.............................................................................................................................. 27 NETSOFT ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 First Draft 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.4 Bien Nguyen (nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com; +84 95 888 8910) HTNET ........................................................................................................................... 27 VTIC............................................................................................................................... 27 Enterprise Owned Data Centres [? Are there any] .................................................................. 27 Sacombank .................................................................................................................... 27 VinaData ........................................................................................................................ 27 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 Carrier Neutral Data Centres .................................................................................................. 28 CMC TelecomShow MoreRelatedVietnam Internet Data Center Report9450 Words   |  38 PagesBien Nguyen (nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com; +84 95 888 8910) A MARKET STUDY ON INTERNET DATA CENTER IN VIETNAM Bien N. Nguyen nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com +84 95 888 8910 First Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. Bien Nguyen (nguyenngocbien@yahoo.com; +84 95 888 8910) Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 3 Research Methodology and Report Objectives ............................................................Read MoreEssay about Technology Used on the Military Battlefield596 Words   |  3 PagesTwo of the major areas include communications, and battlefield management systems. All of these systems are just parts of the military’s tactical internet. The Key factor on the battlefield is communications. Excellent communication is necessary to keep all units working in unison, both on the front lines and in tactical command and control centers in the rear element. The United States Military and ITT A/CD developed the Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) family. InRead MoreHomelessness Among Veterans of the U.S. Military Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesthe homeless population. The question â€Å"Why?† begs an answer. Forty years have passed since the Vietnam Conflict ended and homeless veterans became a representative image in American society. Surprisingly, it appears there are no studies on the factors contributing to homelessness among veterans using recent data. The most recent collection of such data was in a 1984 – 1988 study called The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS). The purpose of the study was â€Å"to determine their mentalRead MorePromotional Activities Coordin ation Project : Sample Resume Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pageshaonguyen3090@hotmail.com To: marketing@ttnq.com.au, sales@ttnq.com.au, finance@ttnq.com.au, salesrep@ttnqvn.com, support@ttnqvn.com, ads@ttnqvn.com Cc: ceo@ttnq.com.au Subject: Report of TTNQ’s international market promotion activities Dear all, Please note that at TTNQ we will be targeting the international markets of Vietnam. All of you will take the participation of this promotional activity. Below are the overview of this project. Overview of the project are: The purpose of this coordination projectRead MoreWhat Is IT Outsourcing?1086 Words   |  5 PagesIndia is facing competition from other countries around the world in IT outsourcing. China, Ireland, The Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Poland, and Egypt are just some of the countries that are aggressively looking at IT outsourcing for growth. Over the years, these countries have been developing their country to be able to provide IT outsourcing and lay a strong foundation to sustain this new idea. According to KPMG (2016), some of the investments these countries have done are build a huge marketRead MoreAvon Supply Chain Analysis2679 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Vietnam Delight Catering (VDC) is one of the most succesful company in Vietnam catering industry. Since the very first step in 1995, VDC has a significant grow to expand the market in all three regions of Vietnam. The company is well known for providing food service for company events, business conferences, weddings and other special occasions. With twenty six industrial kitchens located across five big cities, VDC established itself as an national wide recognized catering companyRead MoreFree Speech in Cyberspace Essay3595 Words   |  15 Pagesyears, with the Internet explosion, freedom of speech has reached a new frontier. In the United States, citizens are allowed to freely distribute information on the Internet as they desire so long as laws are not being broken. Many countries have followed in the footsteps of the United States and granted their citizens the same basic human right. However, there are other countries in the world whose citizens are not afforded these rights . Vietnam is one such country. The Internet explosion hasRead MoreAn Internal Central Intelligence Agency1579 Words   |  7 Pagesinternal Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) investigation revealed that CIA Task Forces failed to share information with the FBI about two suspected terrorists, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, as they entered the United States (9/11 Commission Report). The U.S Intelligence Community is made up of 15 different agencies, offices, and organizations within the Executive branch. There are 8 components in the Department of Defense, two in the department of Homeland Security, and one in each of theRead MoreNike And Challenges Of Nike Inc. Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesand Bill Bowerman. The focus of this report would be an analysis of how Nike’s manages and delivers its service to its customers. It also looks into Nike’s emphasis on its product quality and innovative design to meet the ever changing consumer preferences. By looking at its current strategies that Nike adopt and its appropriateness, this report will provide you a better understanding on how consumer see Nike and challenges that Nike Inc. faces. With the report, there are various recommendationsRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1365 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Bias In today’s society, remaining connected and knowledgeable of current events and the newest trends is vital to staying ahead in business, education, and social standing. This information is supplied to everyone through the internet, newspapers, television, and radio. One can tune into stations such as CNN, NBC, Fox News, Al-Jazeera, and many others (â€Å"SQs of Media Outlets†). In order to meet the needs of viewers, readers, and listeners, the ideal media system would contain accurate, quick

Notes on Aryl Halides Free Essays

3/22/2012 ARYL HALIDES 2. displacement reactions of diazonium salts ARYL HALIDES General formula: Ar–X where X = F, Cl, Br or I Examples Structure: ? C-X bonds are shorter and stronger Bond C-Cl C-Br Ar-X 1. 69 AÂ ° 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes on Aryl Halides or any similar topic only for you Order Now 86 AÂ ° R-X 1. 77 1. 91 ? Dipole moments are unusually small. Bond C-Cl Preparation: 1. electrophilic aromatic substitution – useful only if one product is obtained C-Br Ar-X 1. 7 D 1. 7 D R-X 2. 10 D 2. 15 D ? Dipole moments may cancel out depending on the geometry of the molecule. 1 3/22/2012 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: ? Boiling points – similar to those of alkyl halides; same trends ? Melting point – Among disubstituted aryl dihalides, para isomer has unusually high MP; ~70 – 100 Â °C higher than ortho and meta isomers ? Solubility behavior – insoluble in water; soluble in nonpolar organic solvents – para isomer is less soluble than ortho or meta in any given solvent ? can be readily purified by recrystallization Consider: REACTIONS: 1. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) – recall directing power (o, p director) but ring is deactivated toward EAS. 2. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (NAS or SNAr) ipso substitution ? an atom or group other than H is replaced in the reaction Reaction Mechanisms For NAS: A. BIMOLECULAR DISPLACEMENT: addition-elimination mechanism; occurs under mild conditions ***the aromatic ring must contain strongly electron – withdrawing or electron – attracting groups 2 3/22/2012 Observations: 1. Element effect (Bunnett): Aryl halides do not show much difference in reactivities toward NAS via bimolecular displacement. 2. Aryl fluorides are most reactive. II. Addition – fast removal of the halogen as X- is not the rate determining step . B. The Benzyne Mechanism: Elimination-addition mechanism – occurs under forcing or vigorous conditions Evidence for the benzyne mechanism: 1. scrambling of the label – reaction mechanism: 2. benzyne cannot form if both ortho positions are occupied by other groups 3 3/22/2012 D. Wurtz-Fittig Reaction 3. O-bromoanisole and m-bromoanisole give th e same product under the reaction conditions. ANALYSIS: 1. Chemical tests: Test Reagent Br2/CCl4 KMnO4 AgNO3 Result (-) (-) (-) OTHER REACTIONS OF ARYL HALIDES 1. Metallation Reactions for aryl halides without reactive groups Grignard Reaction: 2. IR Spectroscopy C-X absorptions lie in the fingerprint region ? not useful for analysis 1000 – 1350 cm-1 C – F str. 750 – 850 cm-1 C – Cl str. 500 – 680 cm-1 C – Br str. 200 – 500 cm-1 C – I str. Important peak frequencies 1500, 1600 cm-1 3000 – 3100 cm-1 aromatic C – C str. aromatic C – H str. Reaction with Lithium Metal: Transmetallation – most successful with ArBr and ArI 4 How to cite Notes on Aryl Halides, Essay examples

When Teasing Becomes Bullying free essay sample

Young children who gain knowledge of these coping skills at an early age may be better equipped for more considerable social challenges and conflicts in their preteen and teenage years. When Teasing Becomes Bullying Almost every child will tease. However, it is not always as innocent as it seems. Words and phrases can cause serious mental damage to a young child. According to Froschl (2006), teasing becomes bullying when it is monotonous and/or when there is a conscious objective to hurt another child. Bullying comprises an assortment of behaviors, all of which result in a disproportion of control among children. It can be (1) Verbal: making threats, name-calling. (2) Psychological: excluding children, spreading rumors. (3) Physical: hitting, pushing, and taking a childs possessions. With females, bullying is often subtle and roundabout. According to Simmons (2006), instead of snatching a toy from another child, a young female might say, Give me that toy or I wont be your friend anymore. We will write a custom essay sample on When Teasing Becomes Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Older females can be mean without saying a word: by telling other females not to be friends with a particular female, giving her the silent treatment, rolling their eyes in class, or making rude noises. Sometimes, says Simmons, females make a hurtful remark and then pretend they didnt mean it by saying just kidding. Males, on the other hand, tend to be more physical. Males push each other or take someones sneaker and put it in the garbage. However, unlike females, males do not hold grudges. One male can do something really mean to another male and then later the same day they will be pals again, according to Froschl (2006). Bullying behavior is ubiquitous throughout the world and it cuts across socio-economic, acial/ethnic and cultural lines. Researchers estimate that 20 to 30 percent of school-age children are involved in bullying incidents, as either perpetrators or victims, according to James Garbarino (2007). Bullying can initiate as early as preschool and strengthen during transitional stages, such as starting school in first grade or going into middle school. Bullying is a learned behavior. Most children learn bullying from older children, from adults, and from television. Fo r example, why are you always late and or why cant you act your age? If children experience put-downs, physical punishment at home and/or in school, and emotional and psychological abuse go uncontested, they believe this behavior is acceptable. It is a known fact that bullies like to feel in control. They are insensitive to the feelings of others and defiant toward adults. If your child is the victim of a bully, they may suffer physically and emotionally, and their schoolwork will likely show it. Victims of bullying often have trouble concentrating, says Simmons (2006). Grades drop because, instead of listening to the teacher, they are wondering what they did wrong and whether anyone will sit with them at lunch. If bullying persists, they may be afraid to go to school. Problems with low self-esteem and depression can last into adulthood and interfere with personal and professional lives. Teasing and bullying produce a classroom ambiance that affects childrens aptitude to gain knowledge and teachers capability to educate, says Froschl (2006). Children who are not directly involved can be distraught. Children who see bullying can be as traumatized as the victims because they fear becoming victims themselves. They feel guilty for not doing something to help, according to James Garbarino (2007). Successful intervention programs have been created to decrease bullying and/or aggressive behavior in schools. According to 4 Girls Health, (2008) researchers found that bullying and/or aggressive behavior is expected to occur in schools where there is a lack of adult supervision during breaks, where teachers and students are unresponsive to or accept bullying and/or aggressive behavior, and where rules against bullying are not consistently enforced. While approaches to eliminate individual bullying and/or aggressive behavior are not often effective, when there is a school-wide commitment to end bullying and/or aggressive behavior, it can be reduced by up to 50%, according to Ravoira (1999). One approach that has been effective focuses on changing the school and the classroom environment by doing the following. (1) Raising awareness about bullying and/or aggressive behavior. (2) Increasing teacher and parent involvement and supervision, forming clear rules and strong social norms against bullying and/or aggressive behavior. 3) Providing support and protection for all students. This approach comprise teachers, principals, students, and everyone associated with the school, including janitors, cafeteria workers, and crossing guards. Adults become aware of the extent of bullying at the school, and they involve themselves in changing the situation, rather than looking the other way. References 4 Girls Health. (2008) Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http:// www. 4girls. gov. Froschl, M. , Mullin-Rindler, N. Sprung, B. (2006). Anti-Bullying and Teasing Book: For Preschool Classrooms. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gryphon House. Garbarino, James. (2007). Bullies to Buddies. Retrieved February 13, 2009, from http://www. bullies2buddies. com. Ravoira, LaWanda. (1999). National Girls’ Caucus. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http:// www. hardygirlshealthywomen. org. Simmons, Rachel. (2006). Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls. Fort Washington, PA: Harvest Books.

Preamble to the U.S. Constitution

Preamble to the U.S. Constitution The Preamble to the U.S. Constitution summarizes the Founding Fathers’ intention to create a federal government dedicated to ensuring that â€Å"We the People† always live in a safe, peaceful, healthy, well-defended- and most of all- free nation.  Ã‚  The preamble states: â€Å"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.† As the Founders intended, the Preamble has no force in law. It grants no powers to the federal or state governments, nor does it limit the scope of future government actions. As a result, the Preamble has never been cited by any federal court, including the U.S. Supreme Court, in deciding cases dealing with constitutional issues. Also known as the â€Å"Enacting Clause,† the Preamble did not become a part of the Constitution until the final few days of the Constitutional Convention after Gouverneur Morris, who had also signed the Articles of Confederation, pressed for its inclusion. Before it was drafted, the Preamble had not been proposed or discussed on the floor of the convention. The first version of the preamble did not refer to, â€Å"We the People of the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Instead, it referred to the people of the individual states. The word â€Å"people† did not appear, and the phrase â€Å"the United States† was followed by a listing of the states as they appeared on the map from north to south. However, the Framers changed to the final version when they realized that the Constitution would go into effect as soon as nine states gave their approval, whether any of the remaining states had ratified it or not. The Value of the Preamble The Preamble explains why we have and need the Constitution. It also gives us the best summary we will ever have of what the Founders were considering as they hashed out the basics of the three branches of government. In his highly acclaimed book, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, Justice Joseph Story wrote of the Preamble, â€Å"its true office is to expound the nature and extent and application of the powers actually conferred by the Constitution.† In addition, no less noted authority on the Constitution than Alexander Hamilton himself, in Federalist No. 84, stated that the Preamble gives us â€Å"a better recognition of popular rights than volumes of those aphorisms which make the principal figure in several of our State bills of rights, and which would sound much better in a treatise of ethics than in a constitution of government.† James Madison, one of the leading architects of the Constitution, may have put it best when he wrote in The Federalist No. 49: [T]he people are the only legitimate fountain of power, and it is from them that the constitutional charter, under which the several branches of government hold their power, is derived . . . . Understand the Preamble, Understand the Constitution Each phrase in the Preamble helps explain the purpose of the Constitution as envisioned by the Framers. ‘We the People’ This well-known key phrase means that the Constitution incorporates the visions of all Americans and that the rights and freedoms bestowed by the document belong to all citizens of the United States of America. ‘In order to form a more perfect union’ The phrase recognizes that the old government based on the Articles of Confederation was extremely inflexible and limited in scope, making it hard for the government to respond to the changing needs of the people over time.   ‘Establish justice’ The lack of a system of justice ensuring fair and equal treatment of the people had been the primary reason for the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution against England. The Framers wanted to ensure a fair and equal system of justice for all Americans. ‘Insure domestic tranquility’ The Constitutional Convention was held shortly after Shays’ Rebellion, a bloody uprising of farmers in Massachusetts against the state caused by the monetary debt crisis at the end of the Revolutionary War. In this phrase, the Framers were responding to fears that the new government would be unable to keep peace within the nation’s borders. ‘Provide for the common defense’ The Framers were acutely aware that the new nation remained extremely vulnerable to attacks by foreign nations and that no individual state had the power to repel such attacks. Thus, the need for a unified, coordinated effort to defend the nation would always be a vital function of the U.S. federal government. ‘Promote the general welfare’ The Framers also recognized that the general well-being of the American citizens would be another key responsibility of the federal government. ‘Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity’ The phrase confirms the Framer’s vision that the very purpose of the Constitution is to protect the nation’s blood-earned rights for liberty, justice, and freedom from a tyrannical government. ‘Ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America’ Simply stated, the Constitution and the government it embodies are created by the people, and that it is the people who give America its power. The Preamble in Court While the Preamble has no legal standing, the courts have used it in trying to interpret the meaning and intent of various sections of the Constitution as they apply to modern legal situations. In this way, courts have found the Preamble useful in determining the â€Å"spirit† of the Constitution. Whose Government is it and What is it For? The Preamble contains what may be the most important three words in our nation’s history: â€Å"We the People.† Those three words, along with the brief balance of the Preamble, establish the very basis of our system of â€Å"federalism,† under which the states and central government are granted both shared and exclusive powers, but only with the approval of â€Å"We the people.† Compare the Constitution’s Preamble to its counterpart in the Constitution’s predecessor, the Articles of Confederation. In that compact, the states alone formed â€Å"a firm league of friendship, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare† and agreed to protect each other â€Å"against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.† Clearly, the Preamble sets the Constitution apart from the Articles of Confederation as being an agreement among the people, rather than the states, and placing an emphasis on rights and freedoms above the military protection of the individual states.

Objects in English Grammar

Objects in English Grammar In English grammar, an object is a  noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun that is affected by the action of a verb. Objects give our language detail and texture by allowing the creation of complex sentences.  Prepositions also have objects. Types of Objects Objects can function three ways within a sentence. The first two are  easy to spot because they follow the verb: Direct objects  are the results of action. A subject does something, and the product is the object itself. For example, consider this sentence: Marie wrote a poem. In this case, the  noun poem follows the transitive verb wrote and completes the meaning of the sentence.Indirect objects  receive or respond to the outcome of an action. Consider this example: Marie sent me an email. The pronoun me  comes after the verb sent and before the noun email, which is the direct object in this sentence. The indirect object always goes before the direct object.Objects of a preposition  are nouns and pronouns in a phrase that modifies the meaning of a verb. For instance:  Marie lives in a dorm. In this sentence, the noun dorm follows the preposition in. Together, they form a prepositional phrase. Objects can function in active and passive voice. A noun that serves as a direct object in the active voice becomes the subject when the sentence is rewritten in the passive  voice. For example: Active: Bob purchased a new grill.Passive: A new grill was purchased by Bob. This characteristic, called passivization, is what makes objects unique. Not sure if a word is an object? Try converting it from active to passive voice; if you can, the word is an object. Direct Objects Direct objects identify what or who receives the action of a transitive verb in a clause or sentence.  When pronouns function as direct objects, they customarily take the form of the objective case (me, us, him, her, them, whom, and whomever). Consider the following sentences, taken from Charlottes Web, by E.B. White: She closed the  carton  carefully. First she kissed her  father, then she kissed her  mother. Then she opened the  lid  again, lifted the  pig  out, and held  it  against her  cheek. Theres only one subject in this passage, yet there are six direct objects (carton, father, mother, lid, pig, it), five nouns and a pronoun. Gerunds (verbs ending in ing that act as nouns) sometimes also serve as direct objects. For example: Jim enjoys gardening on the weekends.   My mother included reading and baking in her list of hobbies. Indirect Objects Nouns and pronouns also function as indirect objects. These objects are the beneficiaries or recipients of the action in a sentence. Indirect objects answer the questions to/for whom and to/for what.  For example: My aunt opened her purse and gave the man a quarter. It was his birthday so Mom had  baked Bob  a  chocolate cake. In the first example, the man is given a coin. The quarter is a direct object and it benefits the man, an indirect object. In the second example, the cake is the direct object and it benefits Bob, the indirect object. Prepositions and Verbs Objects that pair with prepositions function differently from direct and indirect objects, which follow verbs. These nouns and verbs reference a preposition and modify the action of the larger sentence. For example: Girls are playing basketball around a utility  pole  with a metal hoop bolted to  it. He sat in the basement of the building, among the boxes, reading a book on his break.   In the first example, the prepositional objects are pole and hoop. in the second example, the prepositional objects are basement, building, boxes, and break. Like direct objects, prepositional  objects receive the action of the subject in the sentences yet need a preposition for the sentence to make sense. Spotting prepositions is important because if you use the wrong one, it can confuse readers. Consider how odd the second sentence would sound if it began, He sat on the basement...   Transitive verbs also require an object for them to make sense. There are three kinds of transitive verbs. Monotransitive verbs have a direct object, whereas ditransitive verbs have a direct object and an indirect object. Complex-transitive verbs have a direct object and an object attribute. For example: Monotransitive: Bob bought a car. (The direct object is car.)Ditransitive: Bob gave me the keys to his new car. (The indirect object is me; the direct object is keys.)Complex-transitive: I heard  him shouting. (The direct object is him; the object attribute is shouting.) Intransitive verbs, on the other hand, do not need an object in order to complete their meaning. Sources Woods, Geraldine. Using Pronouns as Direct and Indirect Objects. Dummies.com. Staff editors. Pronoun Case. Cliffsnotes.com. Staff editors. Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Citizen Kane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Citizen Kane - Essay Example The key aspect of Kane's character contribution to the tragedy plot lies in his character flaw. This is of pivotal significance in the plot propagation as it triggers the cause and effect set of events that will evoke pity and fear in the audience. Kane’s tragic flaw lies in his failure to grow and mature into a responsible man. The elements of his flaw are embodied in his failure to manipulate his charm and panache to materialise into something feasible in his quest for happiness. His flaw is also heightened in his selfishness reflected in his insatiable desire for women. He collects wives, possessions and animals in his pleasure dome but never gets the satisfaction that he longs for. The protagonist character flaw is one fundamental of the Aristotelian philosophy of tragedy.This aspect on Kane is well enunciated by Peter J Pullicino ( Critically Appraise Citizen Kane as Cinema:2008 ). â€Å"Even a cursory summary of the fragments leads us to an imposing list of contradictio ns: Kane is the dashing hero and a grotesque tyrant, an idealist and a cynic, and egotist and a defender of the common man, a child who never grew up, and a man who never had a childhood†¦".

Practical Guide to Environmental Management Essay

Practical Guide to Environmental Management - Essay Example The concept of environmental corporate responsibility is one that is first defined in this book as one that has to be set within the internal and external environment. The author notes that sustainable development with environmental responsibility will not be effective unless policies and internal settings take place. The focus is to change the performance within a company specifically by developing policies and implementing regulations with the environmental practices in the work area. The policies include changing the use of environmental resources as well as monitoring and managing the different environmental needs. The author also states that the policies and implementation within the workforce should directly impact the stakeholders and the external environment, specifically by allowing the corporate responsibility to be seen by stakeholders who can then support the trends and direct action taken (Friedman, 80). The author doesn’t only focus on environmental issues such as saving in resources. It is also noted that corporate responsibility should incorporate changes in the process of creating products, examining the management of a certain area and enhancing the system used for better safety and environment. The environmental issues then become directly linked to the corporate culture and the ability to enhance what is being done within a corporation. The responsibility of management is to implement the policies for environmental changes and to be credible for both environmental damage and enhancement that is within the corporate culture. The suggestions that the author makes are to create policies and to implement these at various levels.  

Leukemia: Types and Treatment Options

Leukemia: Types and Treatment Options Background information: Leukemia is a disease that has been affecting society these days. About 119,280 new cases are being found out this year. Leukemia is a blood cancer having to do with leukocytes, or as better known white blood cells, that take over the bone marrow and spread throughout the blood stream in our body. White blood cells exist in our body to protect it against diseases and infections. There are five types of white blood cells that go through the blood to the site of infection. These cells are grouped into two groups: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils are granulocyte and are the most common White Blood Cell (WBC) in the body. Its the first one to show up to ingest bacteria, virus particles, fungi, and protozoa. Eosinophils have a bilobed nuclei and uniform-sized cytosplamic granule. They moderate allergic reactions and defend against parasitic worm infestations. Basophilis is also a Granulocyte and the smallest of the three. They discharge their granules containing histamine and heparin into damaged tissue spaces to promote inflammation and blood flow to damaged areas. Agranulocytes lacks granules in their cytoplasm. The two types of granulocytes are as follow: Monocytes which travel through the blood for a day before even existing. The migrating monocytes are big eaters and they develop into macrophages and phagocytose bacteria debris in the tissue. Lymphocytes are grouped into T cells and B cells. T cells may directly attack foreign and tumor cells. B cells produce antibodies attack foreign cells or proteins. These are the cells that are affected when a person is diagnosed with leukemia. According to healthcommunities.com Leukemia is classified by how quickly it progresses. Acute leukemia is fast-growing and can overrun the body within a few weeks or months. By contrast, chronic leukemia is slow-growing and progressively worsens over years. The blood-forming cells of acute leukemia remain in an immature state, so they reproduce and accumulate very rapidly. Therefore, acute leukemia needs to be treated immediately; otherwise the disease may be fatal within a few months. Fortunately, some subtypes of acute leukemia respond very well to available therapies and they are curable. Children often develop acute forms of leukemia, which are managed differently from leukemia in adults. Chronic Leukemia is distinguished by the excessive build up of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells. Usually it takes months or years to progress; the cells produce at a faster rate than normal cells, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells in the blood. Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people, but can also occur in any age group. There is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia that often occurs to adult older than the age of 55. There is also Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia that occurs mainly in adults and a very few amount of children develop the disease. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in young children. This disease also affects adults, especially at age 65 and older. This type of Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, characterized by the overproduction and continuous multiplication of malignant and immature white blood in the bone marrow. It is a hematological malignancy. (Pakhare 2004) The Bone Marrow is a soft highly vascular modified connective tissue that occupies the cavities and cancellous part of most bones and occurs in two forms: a : a whitish or yellowish bone marrow consisting chiefly of fat cells and predominating in the cavities of the long bones-called also yellow marrow b : a reddish bone marrow containing little fat, being the chief seat of red blood cell and blood granulocyte formation, and occurring in the normal adult only in cancellous tissue especially in certain flat bones-called also red marrow (Merriam-Webster Dictionary.) When a Bone Marrow starts to produce abnormally white blood cells, it is called leukemia. When the white blood cells are being produced in a vast amount and at a fast rate, it starts to feast on the erythrocytes therefore leaving the body with out any blood. Blood is what keeps the human body alive. It carries the oxygen through our whole body. There three ways to treat leukemia and that is Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Bone Marrow Transplants. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill the cancer cells. These drugs can be given intravenously, orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly (injected into muscle), or intrathecally. But the chemotherapy treatment varies since there are different types of leukemia and not only does it kill the cancer cells but it also kills other cells. Radiation therapy works by damaging the genetic material (DNA) within cells, which prevents the cells  from growing and reproducing.   Although the radiotherapy is directed at cancer cells, healthy cells near the cancer cells may also be damaged. However, a goal of radiotherapy is to protect the healthy cells as much as possible, so that the benefit (destroying the cancer cells) outweighs the risk  (harming healthy cells). (The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 2009) Bone Marrow transplant replaces the diseased bone marrow with a healthier one. Bone marrow transplantation is accomplished by the intravenous administration of bone marrow or stem cells capable of reproducing themselves and repopulating an empty or defective bone marrow. Often, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are required prior to the administration of the stem cells in order to eradicate the remaining defective bone marrow. For patients with cancer, the chemotherapy and radiation therapy also are effective at treating the cancer. (Cutler 2005) But what are the positive and negative outcomes of these treatments? Although Chemotherapy does manage to kill most cancerous cell it also comes with some side-effects. For example nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, anemia, mouth sores, taste and smell changes, infection, diarrhea, menopause, and infertility. The side-effects of Radiation Therapy treatment are similar to the ones of Chemotherapy. A bone marrow may not be successful because of disease recurrence or regimen-related toxicity. Regimen-related toxicity refers to side effects that patients may experience during the course of transplantation. These side effects include graft-vs-host disease (GvHD), graft rejection, bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, gastrointestinal and hepatic complications, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, and late effects after stem cell transplant. Although these treatments can help people with leukemia it can also kill them. It might kill cancerous cells but it also kills other good cells.

The Grapes of Wrath

The movie â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† I watched recently is the classic adaptation of John Steinbeck’s novel written and published in 1939 only one year before the movie was released. When the movie production was approved the director John Ford and his crew were able to accomplish a major task and finish the project without getting involved in the conflict with labor unions what was very important since many members of the crew belonged to them. The script which is based on Steinbeck’s book adopted a very specific dialect, the language spoken by the villagers living in rural Oklahoma so the authenticity impression was preserved. The movie presents the times of the Great Depression in the American Mid West and West coasts. This was a tough era of American history that got the historically accurate documentation and John Ford’s movie shows us perfectly the experience of many people those days – farmers and their families, drifters and strikers. For many Americans who watched the movie in the theaters in the big cities it was not easy to find out how hard and stressful it was for the people living in the country to be forced out of the lands they were working on. Here the director introduces us to the family of poor farmers from Oklahoma Dust Bowl and their struggling during the tough times of the economic crisis. While watching the movie I observed the contrast between the representatives of the lower class and the wealthy landowners who take an advantage of the unfortunate circumstances. From the events presented I’ve learned that the economic crisis and the advancing technology which was used to farm the land were responsible for drastic and extreme changes which were imposed on thousands of people against their own will. All the farmers’ families which for many generations made the living out of their farms in the short period of time received the notifications demanding to move out and abandon the properties which they were residing at. Obviously it was not their choice and the decision was made on their behalf without giving them the alternative opportunities. The main characters in the movie are the members of Joad’s family who are not only dealing with the problems inside of their family but also with the basis of their existence which is endangered. Those poor people understand very well that when fighting all the odds the only solution is to stay together and rely on each other and when facing the unpleasant reality they decide to remain as a family while entering the new chapter of their lives. In order to find a solution to their problems Joad’s family decides to embark on the journey to California. They have high hopes and strong beliefs that if they will get there, their situation will change for better, they will be able to find jobs and as a result will settle in their new home. On the way to their destination they experience many unexpected events which they have to deal with as they appear. They loose two members of their family and while staying at the camps for the similar migrants they learn about the sad reality which was awaiting them. It appeared that all the information they have been provided before they left Oklahoma were not exactly true and the land owners were trying to earn profits by using the unfair labor practices. Being fully aware of the desperate conditions the owners of the large farms offer low wages jobs and exploit all those hired to work on their lands. The new comers were not welcomed and treated with very suspicious manners. The local residents who were afraid of losing their own source of income were acting very unfriendly and openly demonstrated their opposition. People like Joad’s family while forced to stay in the camps and awaiting the potential employment were treated by local authorities like trouble makers. All those who tried to stand up for their rights were considered difficult and wrongly accused of trouble causing. Rich and wealthy class representatives were simply misusing the power of the local authorities in order to protect their own interest and increase the potential profits. Whoever was brave enough to disagree with those kinds of methods was considered as a threat and forced to leave or had to face the mistreatment and abuse. While majority of migrating families were subjected to the hardship and constant struggling, the smaller number of this group were lucky enough to find the temporary accommodations provided by the Federal authorities as a form of social assistance during the economic depression. Once they were able to reach such facilities they were offered decent and reasonable housing with the basic sanitary installations. The life in those places was organized by the rules which campers could set up so all the residents were treated with respect and there was no tolerance for any form of abuse. However some of the local land owners did not like the situation and were trying to sabotage the camp. Quite often those government managed facilities were subjected to the organized attempts of purposely initiated disturbances which will give the arguments to the local authorities to act while â€Å"preserving law and order†. It should be noticed that even tough it was not the director’s intention the conditions showed and the form of management in those camps succeeded in building up the reputation of the Government and helped in recognizing efforts directed towards continuous improvement during the crisis. The democratic methods which were giving all the residents the right to protect their status were successfully maintaining the stabilized life while staying within the borders of the camp. Even the police authorities were not allowed to enter without the warrant. Many residents quickly realized how fragile and valuable it is for them to continue preventing the established order in the camp so they could organize the system of the comities which were overseeing all the key aspects of every day living conditions. Under those circumstances surviving the difficult times until the employment opportunities appear was much more acceptable and helped to build the confidence in the better future. The movie definitely proves that people while facing major difficulties have much higher chances of prevailing if they help each other and stay together instead of resisting and fighting those problems just on their own. Even the strongest and most determined attempts to resist and fighting the reality by one single person will not last long and at the end will not be considered successful. The Joad’s family proved to themselves that together they can manage to survive and use the difficulties which they went through as the learning experience. By using the combination of wisdom and wise assumptions together with good will and honest intentions they were able to help each other in the process of the decisions making. As we all now go through the inconveniences and carry the burden of struggling economy, while watching the movie we can relate in some certain way to the presented story. We are fully aware that unfortunately seventy years later there are many Americans who do have to find answers to resolve their problems and react to the drastic changes which the economy imposed on them. As Casy, the former preacher perfectly summarizes his view when performing the funeral rites by saying: â€Å"I wouldn’t pray just for an old man that’s dead, ‘cause he’s all right. If I was to pray, I’d pray for folks that’s alive and don’t know which way to turn†. The fact that the American Academy of Motion Pictures nominated John Ford’s movie was one of the reasons why even the President of the USA Franklin D. Roosevelt was present there and gave the speech which consisted of comments regarding the movie unique character. For someone like me whose knowledge of the United States modern history is not so deep I found the movie as being very educating and presenting Americans’ lives during the Great Depression from a different perspective. Comparing to the recent production, the â€Å"Cinderella Man† I found quite few similarities and issues which were particularly important however the director John Ford is not trying to create a fairy tale but instead is exposing the dark side in which both the rules of economy and human nature compete with each other in the most important fight as the only possible way of surviving without loosing the human values such a dignity and pride. We can say that the main characters, their interactions and behavior even if originated from the natural instincts of human beings slowly but steady helped them to built up the resistance and eventually made them stronger than they were ever before. Just like Russell Crowe in the â€Å"Cinderella Man† was given a second chance and did not waste it but succeeded in his journey to the victory on the boxing ring, Joad’s family under the spiritual leadership of Tom’s mother proudly emerged out of all difficulties and remained faithful about awaiting them much better future. In my opinion the history of this country taught us a very valuable lesson which proved that even the Great Depression was not able to destroy the strong American spirit and discourage people from using their skills and joined efforts to help each other in the times of need. People need to believe that the tough times will end and they will be able to enjoy living again. Nothing motivates people in need to take an action and engage in many long term efforts better than having hope and faith that the better future is in their hands, that nothing else can help them better than their own determination.

Use Of A Token Economy Increase Running On Command Of A...

Use of a Token Economy to Increase Running on Command Of a Child with Down syndrome Brooke R. Mize Texas Woman’s University Abstract: Children with Down syndrome typically have increased behavioral issues associated with their disability due to the disabilities’ phenotype. Introducing a token economy system was proven effective to increase the amount of running in the subject. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a token economy to increase running on command of a child with Down syndrome. Having a token economy system in place, allows better stability and repetitiveness in their daily lives. This essentially helps the student maintain behavioral control and the maladaptive behaviors are less likely to happen. A five week token economy behavioral program was implemented and included earning tokens (up to five) per session to exchange for up to five minutes of computer time. The results drastically changed from pre-intervention to post-intervention by 80%. Every task was completed and when asked, although there were still minor reoccurring behaviors that needed correction. When implementing a token economy it is still important to manage the smaller behaviors in order to increase the amount of physical activity completed per session. Introduction: Children with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for behavioral issues due to factors including characteristics associated with the Down syndrome phenotype, increased incidenceShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pages These range from introduction to marketing/marketing principles to courses in marketing management and strategic marketing. It can also be used as a text in international marketing courses. Retailing, entrepreneurship, and ethics courses could use a number of these cases and their learning insights. 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What can marketing do to buffer these shocks? Fundamentally, marketing must refocus away from selling product and toward creating relationship. Relationship buffers the shock of change. To be sure, the specific product or service

George S Patton And Odysseus From The Odyssey - 1248 Words

The sun is just setting over the men of the Third Army. They are overtaking one of the most prized Nazi strongholds, Metz. These men who will wage war within the hour are heroes in their own right but the hero they all look up to is their general, George S. Patton. He truly is the hero of this theatre of war. These, and all heroes, look at danger as little more than an obstacle to overpass. General George S Patton and Odysseus from The Odyssey, by Homer, are both heroes. They reached fame at very different times but they both exhibited the same qualities and abilities that allowed them to overcome any and every challenge thrown at them. Patton fought Nazis in North Africa and Western Europe, Odysseus battled Cyclops and other beasts†¦show more content†¦He would not have been called a coward if he walked away from those odds. He didnt walk away. He stood and fought with his son and they prevailed. He decided that his home and his family were worth the risk. Patton, a s a general in WWII, knew that each man under his control was worth it. He told them that,† Each man has a purpose in my army and each man before me will be expected to fulfill that duty†(O’Reilly.14). Patton did more than just inspire his men from a concealed hideout, far from the danger of the front lines, he also journeyed in his Willy Jeep to the front lines to guide the assault. He was a high value target and escaped death on numerous occasions but he maintained his composure on these ever increasing excursions. When leaving the front lines he would find soldiers and make a point of, â€Å"placing his hand on their shoulder, looking them in the eyes and saying, ‘Don’t disappoint me soldier.† (O’Reilly.15). He expected a lot of his men just as Odysseus did as evidenced by his disappointment when members of his crew became disloyal and even acted as cowards when faced with challenges.. Odysseus himself did great things but he expe cted to be a role model to his men as well. When in a grim situation, a hero needs to remain composed to allow for his wisdom and strategic mindset to come through and save the day as displayed by both Odysseus and Patton. Odysseus was trapped in a cave with a stone, that no group of men could move, separating him from the

Effects of Advertising Essay - 2555 Words

Every day, the average person watches three hours of television, reads between five to ten magazines or newspapers, and listens to the radio for five hours (WOW). While doing this, a part of what he experiences are advertisements that come on at an average of every ten minutes. These advertisements are usually used to persuade the costumer to buy something. They also might be used for the listener to do something that the advertisement is asking. Sometimes these advertisements can be hidden messages between or in television programs. This paper is a serious investigation in educating the reader about the effects of advertisement. This investigation will include looking at how advertising began, the actual purpose of advertisement, the†¦show more content†¦This printing press idea quickly spread throughout Europe and later to the Americas (YouHis2). Afterwards, around the 1700s, when the use of newspapers began to be an everyday publication, advertisements started being printed in them, even if the advertisements were simple at the time. Newspapers became the first medium to be conquered by advertisement. In 1721, Benjamin Franklin founded the Pennsylvania Gazette, the second newspaper made in the Americas. What was special about it is that it had pictures accompanying the ads to help the people understand better their product, which was the difference with his close relative, The Boston Gazette, which had pictureless ads (YouHis3). Since the eighteenth century, most newspapers have relied on advertisements for part of their profit, and they have been developing advertising bit by bit. Following the example of the newspapers, radio programming began using advertisements. These advertisements were very slow and repetitive sonnets that companies used to get people to know their products. These advertisements started in the late 1800s, with their lengths being fairly short. They never extended past a minute. To compensate for the brevity of the ads, companies would repeat the same ad many times between radio programs. Then, the invention of television came along. Advertisements on television captivated everyone’sShow MoreRelatedAdvertising And Its Effect On Advertising939 Words   |  4 Pages Advertising Advertising has become an important thing in our everyday life. Almost all the companies make advertisements these days. Usually companies when launching a new product gives advertisement about their products may be in on television or newspaper. This kind of advertising attracts audiences who are likely to buy the product. 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What truly are the miscommunications and how do the viewers react to different types of stimulation among those, are there negative or positive results? This review of literature scope was led by the following question: When it comes to communication and advertising are there positiveRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effects of Advertising To advertise is to ‘make generally or public known, to praise publicity in order to encourage to buy or use something, to ask or offer by public notice.’ Advertising persuades, informs, competes and, indeed, entertains. The word ‘advertise’ comes from the French word ‘avertir’ which means ‘to warn’. Many years ago, chemists, barbers, prostitutes, etc would have relied on advertising to promote their business. Chemists (or apothecary)Read MoreEffect Of Smartphones On Advertising1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Smartphones on Advertising The amount of smartphones users have nearly doubled within the past 5 years, from 35% to 70%.(2014 Marketing Statistics Infographic). As the number of users continues to rise, advertising will continue to integrate with smartphones. Smartphones have dramatically changed the way consumers are approached by advertising companies. Before we can understand how smartphones have changed the advertising industry, we must first recognize that advertising and smartphonesRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Advertising1545 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Americans. Advertising convinces people to buy their products by using a multitude of manipulative ideas: targeting inferiorities, tearing apart confidence and self-image, misrepresenting the benefits of a product, and most importantly, creating materialistic ideals. As Stephen Leacock said â€Å"Advertising: the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it.† The materialistic, self-demeaning, and misleading ways of today’s society is why advertising has a profoundlyRead MoreAdvertising And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 Pageslogo, and flyers left on windshields as a form of advertising (2011, p.130). According to Medoff and Kaye, advertising serves an educational, social and economic purpose (2011, p.137). Although advertising appears beneficial in many features, it too has its drawbacks and can be similarly unfavorable. Advertising will perhaps become increasingly ubiquitous, increasingly influential, and increasingly controversial (Advertising, 2011, p.152). Advertising is highly criticized, not so much for its very nature

Western Civilization and the Greeks Free Essays

There were many contributions to western civilization from the Ancient Greeks. Many roots of the civilization we have today can be traced back to the Ancient Greeks. They made long lasting contributions in the areas of art, architecture, philosophy, math, drama, and science. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Civilization and the Greeks or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the intelligent thinkers of the Ancient Greeks such as, Socrates, Aristotle,and Hippocrates never challenged the way Greeks lived many of the ideas we have today would have never been established. The Greeks made contributions in modern day art, architecture and philosophy. †The unexamined life is not worth living. (Document #1) This was a quote spoken by Socrates, an Ancient Greek philosopher. He was suggesting by this quote that if you don’t look at life in a different perspective why bother living it. â€Å"Since human reason is the most godlike part of human nature†¦ † (Document #2) This was a quote spoken by Aristotle, and Ancient Greek Philosopher. He believed about human nature that making deals or reasoning was the best human quality and separated us from others. â€Å"Nor do I think your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could overrun the gods‘ unwritten and unfailing laws†¦ (Document #6) This was an except from Sophoclesà ¢â‚¬Ëœ play Antigone. The values expressed in this play are that the gods are more powerful then humans and that the gods law are not written down but overpower written human law. The picture of the Parthenon in document #7 shows how specific features of that building influenced Western Civilization. The pillars and the shape of the building showed a sense of power and the actual architecture used in the Parthenon is still used today in places like the White House and Lincoln Monument. The picture of The Discus Thrower sculpture in document #8 reveals things about Greek values and shows an olympic event that is still used in modern times. This statue shows that the Greeks were very athletic people. The olympics sill influence p[people today by bring a competition throughout the countries of the world like a peaceful war. The Greeks also made contributions in modern day science, math, and government. â€Å"As for social standing, advancement is open to everyone, according to ability. † (Document #3) This was an excerpt from Pericles‘ Funeral Oration. In this, Pericles is describing the perks and benefits of aving a Democracy. He was hoping for all citizens to prosper because of this new government. â€Å"I will give no deadly medicine to anyone if asked, nor suggest any such [advice]†¦ † (Document #4) This was a excerpt from Hypocrites, an Ancient Greek doctor and philosopher, Hippocratic Oath. In this he was promising to always give the bes t treatment to anyone that seeks help. This is still used by doctors today. â€Å"Proposition 15, THEOREM: If two straight lines cut one another, the vertical, or opposite, angles shall be equal. † (Document #5) This was an excerpt from Euclid’s Elements. Euclid was an Ancient Greek Mathematician. His impact on modern day is that his ideas are the basis for our geometry/math. There were many contributions to western civilization from the Ancient Greeks. The Greeks have made contributions in many areas such as art architecture, philosophy, science, math, and government. Many roots of modern day ideas can be traced back to the Ancient Greeks. Mainly back to the philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle and the mathematician Euclid. If these people never would have though differently and looked at life from a different perspective then many ideas we live by today may not be present. How to cite Western Civilization and the Greeks, Papers

Point Of View In Grendel And Beowulf Essay Example For Students

Point Of View In Grendel And Beowulf Essay Contrasting points of view in Grendeland Beowulf significantly alter the readers perception of religion, good andevil, and the character Grendel. John Gardners book, Grendel, is written infirst person. The book translated by Burton Raffel, Beowulf, is written in thirdperson. Good and evil is one of the main conflicts in the poem Beowulf. Howis Grendel affected by the concepts of good and evil? Grendel is an alienatedindividual who just wants to be a part of something. His desire to fit in causeshim to do evil things. Grendel is fascinated by the Shapers poetry. He oftenreturns to the mead hall to listen to it. One night while he is listening, he hearsthe story of Cain and Abel, including the Danes explanation of Grendel. Hisreaction to this leads to one of his most dramatic emotional reactions: Ibelieved him. Such was the power of the Shapers harp! Stood wriggling myface, letting tears down my nose, grinding my fists into my elbow the corpse ofthe proof that both of us ere cursed, or neither, that the brothers had neverlived, nor the god who judged them. Waaa! I bawled. Oh what aconversion(Gardner 51)! Grendel then cries for mercy from the Danes. Hewants their forgiveness as well as unification with them, which represents thegood in him. The Danes reject him by confusing his outburst of sorrow as anattack. After visiting with a dragon who tells Grendel a fictional version of theShapers tale, Grendel continues to believe the Shapers story. He searchesfor the goodness in human beings, which was mentioned in the story. He eatspeople only because it provides a place for him in society, even if it is anegative position (The Two Faces of Grendel, 2). Good and evil is one of themain conflicts in the poem Beowulf, and ultimately both wipe each other out. Good, is portrayed by God, and evil seems to be what fate has in store for thehero. Beowulf occasionally talks to God and asks God to give him strengthbefore the battle and to give him the valor he needs to overcome his enemy. Evil seems to always get the bad side of things since it always gets conqueredby Gods good side. Even though this is true, evil lives the high life for a longtime. Grendel, Beowulfs first opponent, killed thousands and thousands ofmen before he met his match. Evil comes from the monsters. They attack thegood side by killing innocent men because they are hungry or just want to defythe laws. Good fights back when the evil creations are killed and all is back tonormal. Beowulf is truly good because he helps people when they need it themost and hopes that God is with him even though he doesnt have to doanything to help the people who have an evil creature killing their villagespopulation every night. In Grendel, the main belief is that of existentialism,however, there are also numerous references to Cain throughout the entirebook. The basis for his version of existentialism is the following excerpt fromthe book itself: I understood that the world was nothing: a mechanical chaosof casual, brute enmity on which we stupidly impose our hopes and fears. Iunderstood that, finally and absolutely, I alone exist. All the rest, I saw, ismerely what pushes me, or what I push against, blindlyas blindly as all thatis not myself pushes back. I create the whole universe, blink by blink.Anugly god pitifully dying in a tree (Gardner 22)! One can explain this view ofexistentialism by considering some simple concepts of existentialism. .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .postImageUrl , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:hover , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:visited , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:active { border:0!important; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:active , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Behavior EssayExistentialists believe that man is forlorn and totally responsible for his acts,and that his choices are important because existence precedes essence. Furthermore, the references to Cain, which represented chaos and thepresence of evil, can be found throughout the book. For example, after Cainkilled his brother, he drinks his blood. This is typically something that Grendeldoes after he kills his victims. Additionally, both Cain and Grendel are viewedas outcasts of society who have to roam in the shadows. They are outsidelooking inside. They are outside threats to the order of society as shown byGrendel with the Danes (Similarities between Grendel and Cain, 1). Thereligious references to Cain, as well as the belief in existentialism are importantaspects in Grendel. In Beowulf, the main belief is that of wyrd, or fate, andsources say that Beowulf is a pagan poem adapted to fit ideals of Christianity. The belief in wyrd is one of the most pervasive pagan elements. TheAnglo-Saxons believed strongly that their lives were predestined and thatpowerful supernatural forces acted upon them. The inevitability of this fate isshown many times throughout the poem. When Beowulf prepares to fightGrendel, he abandons his armor and sword saying, Fate ever goes as itmust. Additionally, although there are Christian overtones, the paganisticpoint of views are expressed anytime they discuss fate and destiny. Forexample, Beowulf makes a remark to Wiglaf that fate has swept their raceaway. But right above that, he tells Wiglaf, I thank our Father in Heaven,Ruler of the Earth-For all of this, that His grace has given me(Gardner109). The epic poem Beowulf contains definite references to Christianity, butit is also full of Pagan symbols such as that of fate. The character Grendel isviewed in a different light in the book Grendel. Grendel is pitiful in Grendel,however, Gardner uses this pity to arouse sym pathy for Grendel by giving himhuman traits and emotions and by using first person. This novel is actuallynarrated by Grendel, which offers understanding of the beasts innermostfeelings, as well as evoking sympathy from the reader. In Grendel, the antiherohas human traits: he walks on two legs and speaks a language similar to theDanes. He also has strong emotions of fear, anger, and sorrow as well asintellect. One may compare Grendel to Lennie in Of Mice and Men. Bothcharacters have a sense of alienation and just want to fit in. The point of viewof the book Grendel allows the reader to see another side of Grendel. InBeowulf, Grendel is viewed as the antagonist and the evil villain. Grendel isboth feared and hated in Beowulf. Upon reading Beowulf, the readerdiscovers Grendel as seen through the eyes of his terrified victims. KingHrothgar, leader of the Danes, fears his visits: The renowned ruler, the princeof long famous, sat empty of joy; strong in might, he suffered, sorrowed for h ismen when they saw the track of the hateful monster, the evil spirit. Hrothgarwould dread the fatal nights when Grendel would dine on human flesh. Theruler understands that Grendel attacks his men out of spite and jealousy (TheTwo Faces of Grendel, 1). In reading Grendel and Beowulf, one can findmany similarities in the way the events occur in the books, however becauseof contrasting points of view, the reader gets insight on the entire picture fromtwo different sides. This allows the reader to better understand each book andits contents, such as their beliefs and the concept of good and evil, andacknowledge the ways the character Grendel can be described. Book Reports

Macintyre And Determinism Essays - Philosophy, Metaphysics

Macintyre And Determinism Behavior is quite an interesting aspect of man to observe. All day long we demonstrate diverse types of behavior, from eating certain foods to speaking in certain ways. But of most interest is rational behavior. Behavior is rational if, and only if, it can be influenced, or inhibited by the adducing of some logically relevant consideration. (p.297) In his essay MacIntyre tries to show us that rational behavior is not causally determined, but that it comes out of our free will. The discovery of causal explanations for our actions, and the like, shows, or tries to show, that we could not have done other than what we did. From this, then, there would be no point to morality, which has been at the forefront of human thought for ages. But then again, to say the human behavior is inexplicable is to deny all that we have learned from the sciences. We have already given the definition for rational behavior, but in this definition we find a point which must be clarified, that of a logically relevant consideration. What exactly is a logically relevant consideration? Well, that is logically relevant will necessarily vary from case to case. And it can vary so much that MacIntyre even goes as far as saying that the task of philosophy might almost be defined as the task of defining 'logical relevance'. (p. 297) Rational behavior is then said to be defined with reference to the possibility of altering it by some logically relevant consideration. Thus, to show that a behavior is rational is enough to show that it is not causally determined, in the sense of it being the effect of certain conditions outside of a person's control. Being that there is rational behavior, it must follow that there is such a thing non-rational behavior. Non-rational behavior is, of course, behavior which does not take logically relevant considerations into account. Such an act can be said to be impulsive. As in all philosophical discourse the opposing party usually proposes a counter-attack. In this case, the determinist has launched a three-stage counter attack against free actions. Firstly the determinist argues that, in the widest sense of the word cause, the giving of a reason may function as a cause. MacIntyre argues against this by saying that to act because you were given reasons to act would not necessarily be to act in a causally determined way. (p. 299) For, in terms of the concept of rational behavior, we can certainly differentiate between a giving of reasons which is causally effective and a giving of reasons which is rationally effective. The determinist then moves to the second stage of his argument. He will say that there are empirical grounds for believing that we can always be mistaken about rational behavior. It may seem like the behavior is influenced by rational considerations when, in fact, it is completely determined by antecedent causes. To disprove this MacIntyre says that such antecedent causes would only determine the event in the absence of logically relevant conditions. In other words, if a logically relevant idea were offered to contradict the event about to take place, it is most likely that reason would take over and prevent that event from occurring. We now come to the determinist final attempt to disprove the act of free will. He might suggest that advances in learning theory, for example, might teach us that rational, intelligent behavior was nothing more than well-drilled behavior, of which a complete causal account could be given, only provided that that account was sufficiently complex. (p. 300) But how can this be? There are two problems in this suggestion. For one thing, a man might one day decide to stop being immoral. He may weigh out the pros and cons of a situation and decide to go with what is moral. Secondly, if determinism is to rest its hopes on such a complex pattern of explanation then it becomes very hard to either verify or disprove it. MacIntyre provides us with an example. Suppose that the determinist is able to formulate a complete explanation of my behavior in causal terms. But also suppose that my behavior is rational. Now what test can determine whether I acted because